Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Lang::$table_form is deprecated in /home/alliance-beopen/public_html/inc/classes/Lang.php on line 17

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Implicarea civică - bE-Open
Acasă Ţări Implicarea civică

Implicarea civică in Ucraina

“Dreptul cetățenilor de a participa la conducerea afacerilor publice”, inclusiv la nivel local, este definit clar în Carta europeană a autonomiei locale,  în Protocolul suplimentar, care afirmă că „dreptul de a participa în afacerile unei autorități locale denotă dreptul de a căuta determinarea sau influențarea exercițiul puterii și răspunderilor unei autorități locale”. Când autoritățile locale se consultă cu cetățenii și îi împlică în conceperea și evaluarea serviciilor publice, acestea deschid calea pentru rezultate politice mai bune și pentru o încredere comună sporită între cetățeni și guvern. 

Participarea cetățenilor implică colaborarea cu o gamă largă de părți interesate, precum activiști ai societății civile, jurnaliști, academicieni, reprezentanți ai oamenilor de afaceri, comunități locale și cetățeni activi. Este important ca participarea să fie incluzivă, luând în considerare opiniile publicului larg, ale experților și grupurilor reprezentative, inclusiv pe cei vulnerabili și marginalizați. Mai mult, implicarea părților interesate trebuie să ajungă și la cei ale căror vieți și interese vor fi influențate de implementarea deciziilor în cauză. Pentru ca aceste părți interesate să fie identificate, trebuie lansate consultări publice, înainte de angajamentul la acțiune sau de redactarea unui proiect de hotărâre. Un proces consultativ deschis invită mai întâi părțile interesate să discute și să identifice problemele, provocările și oportunitățile, apoi examinează diferitele scenarii politice, înainte de luarea deciziilor.

Mecanismele participative pot fi grupate în următoarele categorii, care reflectă diferitele nivele de angajament: 

  • informarea publicului despre prioritățile locale, programele și planurile guvernului;
  • consultarea publicului și/sau a anumitor grupuri de oameni în legătură cu politicile publice și colectarea experienței și expertizei lor;
  • colaborarea cu publicul și/sau cu anumite grupuri de oameni pentru dezvoltarea soluților la problemele locale (inclusiv procese creative comune, precum în formularea angajamentelor Planului de acțiune al parteneriatului de guvernare deschisă (OGP);
  • angajarea comunităților locale în procesele de luare a deciziilor prin procese deliberative, voturi (precum participatoare bugetare și referendumuri) și alte instrumente de adoptare a deciziilor.

 

Conform Protocolului suplimentar, „legea trebuie să ofere mijloace de facilitare a exercitării” dreptului de participare a cetățenilor. Pentru a asigura că formele menționate de participare sunt angajamente autentice, și nu exerciții simbolice, procesul de consultare din jurul formării noilor politici și legislații trebuie să fie sprijinit de legi, regulamente și linii directoare, cât și de o puternică voință politică. 

Crearea de politici inclusive trebuie să fie în același timp eficientă, iar publicul trebuie să fie bine informat despre drepturile, oportunitățile și modurile în care poate participa la luarea deciziilor locale. Procesele de creare a politicilor trebuie să fie explicate clar cu mult timp înainte, pentru a le permite cetățenilor și părților interesate să își pregătească cererile și intervențiile. Limite de timp cu puncte de intrare clar precizate pentru implicarea cetățenilor trebuie publicate pentru a asigura că participarea cetățenilor este un exercițiu cu sens, iar autoritățile locale trebuie să ofere răspunsuri celor care fac propuneri de politici sau recomandări. Autoritățile locale trebuie să asigure ca punctele de vedere și pozițiile factorilor implicați să fie reflectate și luate în considerare corespunzător în momentul adoptării politicilor, iar reacțiile trebuie să ofere motive clar exprimate pentru deciziile de a adopta sau nu propunerile. Această abordare inclusivă asigură relevanța politicilor, faptul că sunt bazate pe probe, se supun necesităților de intersecție și răspund cererilor publicului. 

Autoritățile locale trebuie de asemenea să angajeze funcționari instruiți în conducerea consultărilor publice, care să asigure că răspunsurile date cetățenilor sunt prompte și detaliate.

Aceste abordări inclusive asigură luarea unor hotărâri mai bune și mai relevante din partea autorităților locale, care reflectă interesul public și sunt bine înțelese de toți cetățenii. În același timp, comunitățile locale pot dezvolta o capacitate durabilă de a-și exprima problemele, a concepe soluții și a monitoriza implementarea lor corectă, rezultând într-o încredere publică sporită față de furnizarea serviciilor locale. 

id()." AND cl.id_lang=".$lang->id()." AND visible=1 AND cl.presentation!=''"; $presentations=$db->select_arrays($query); if(count($presentations)>0):?>

Contextul intern


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liste('p.id_souscat='.$_GET['id_souscat'].' AND id_categorie='.$thecat['id_categorie'],$lang->id(),'ordre'); } else{ $souscats=$obj_souscat->liste('id_categorie='.$thecat['id_categorie'],$lang->id(),'ordre'); } foreach($souscats as $unesouscat): if($unesouscat['titre']!=""):?>

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Standarde internaționale

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id()." ORDER BY ordre"; $souscatdefs=$db->select_arrays($query); foreach($souscatdefs as $souscatdef): if($souscatdef['libelle']!=""): if($souscatdef['type']=='texte'): $query="SELECT c.*,cl.*,p.code_iso,pl.name FROM contentdef c LEFT JOIN contentdef_lang cl ON cl.id_contentdef=c.id_contentdef LEFT JOIN pays p ON p.id_pays=c.id_pays LEFT JOIN pays_lang pl ON pl.id_pays=c.id_pays WHERE c.id_pays IN (".$pays_ids.") AND c.id_souscatdef =".$souscatdef['id_souscatdef']." AND visible=1 AND pl.id_lang=".$lang->id()." AND cl.texte!='' AND cl.id_lang=".$lang->id()." ORDER BY FIELD(c.id_pays,".$pays_ids.")"; $defs=$db->select_arrays($query); if($defs):?>

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id()." AND cl.texte!='' AND cl.id_lang=".$lang->id()." GROUP BY c.id_pays ORDER BY FIELD(c.id_pays,".$pays_ids.") "; $defs=$db->select_arrays($query); if($defs):?>

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liste("id_pays=".$unereponse['id_pays']." AND id_souscatdef =".$souscatdef['id_souscatdef']." AND visible=1",$lang->id(),'ordre'); ?>

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liste("id_pays=".$_GET['id'],$lang->id(),'ordre'); if($encarts): foreach($encarts as $encart):?>


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liste("id_pays=0",$lang->id(),'ordre'); if($encarts): foreach($encarts as $encart):?>


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